All work set out below is copyright of Illustrator Akhran Girmay.
© Akhran Girmay 2022.
The fire crackled and she began...
During the 6th lecture of the series we looked at the following sources of inspiration and storytelling devices:
Graphic Novels: Creatives
The main points covered about the works under discussion in this seminar.
La Perdida
A gap year like no other. When the other is seen only through the narrow view of a fish out of water in an 'exotic' land we know are heading for trouble. 'Playing at life' is a phrase that comes to mind when I consider how vulnerable the truth can be. There is Mexican sunshine in Jessica Abel's drawings. Remarkable transformation occurs when one gets 'lost.'
The Alcoholic
Looking at the pros and cons of addiction set against the backdrop of 9/11 when stress is at its maximum. It shows that no subject is off limits, and that human life goes through many dark corners in order to make the person whole. Dean Haspiel's illustrations evoke the British 'Kitchen Sink' dramas of the 1960's despite the action occurring in 2001. A lost weekend can become the norm when you cannot stand on terra firma.
Epileptic
I have an older brother and much of my childhood was seen through a lens that directly related the fact that he was the heir and I the spare. What happens when the heir is not the child your parents wished for? What are the consequences when fear and ignorance reduce illness into embarrassed denial? David B. locates us in a pastoral France that has shadows in all senses of that word. The coils of this family drama are there in every detailed page as we see the author's emotional state and inescapable shame.
Black Hole
You are young, horny and have puberty and exams to contend with. plus your parents are very annoying at this age. This book by Charles Burns is as intense as it is thrilling. It proves that we become adults not as independent beings but as characters shaped by how our peers and parents think and act. Or at least what we think they are thinking. In black and white the images create a sense of suffocating finality.
Blankets
Craig Thompson's gentle but disturbing summer of chaste love explores the notion of what it is to be a good Christian. Like Black Hole mentioned above the teenagers featured are young, horny and have puberty and exams to contend with. However unlike the more liberal actors in that book, abstinence is the commandment to follow. Thompson sets the story in a snowy landscape when the two 'lovers' uncover the fact that feelings come from the most perplexing of places.
Are You My Mother?
Alison Bechdel creates the follow up to Fun Home (the story of her father's life and death) with Are You My Mother? It is a book that is designed to help the author position herself in closer alignment with her mother. It does achieve this but not without a lot of internal struggle and difficult home truths that are suddenly faced. As Oscar Wilde once penned "All women become like their mothers. That is their tragedy. No man does, and that is his."
The Harlem Hellfighters
Volunteering to take part in the War to end all wars but unwanted by their own Government. Our heroes join French Regiments and take on the ultimate challenge of humans in conflict. Caanan White's drawings are powerful, unflinching, and direct. Max Brooks writes with smooth authority has he shows us what it means to be a 'Black' man in a Klu Klux Klan dominated world. It was framed as a battle of good versus evil when it is really only ever evil pretending to do good. Each soldier is on his own journey but he is doing so with his comrades and as the most successful fighters in later stages of World War 1 the Harlem Hellfighters really should be more widely appreciated.
Exit Wounds
In Rutu Modan's novel the Intifada is no joke. If you are trying to live your life in the politically tense and contentious modern Tel Aviv, Israel, you are acutely aware that Palestinians and others want the land back. Can finding those you love to serve to reshape one's personality? At what point do you discover that you weren't searching in the first place? A Rosebud moment if you will. Keep your head down and keep moving.
Persepolis
Hands down Marjane Satrapi has created a classic text that approaches the Rites of Passages that must be confronted by everyone when a whole nation changes almost 180 degrees in a matter of months. We are lucky sometimes to grow up in interesting times and I believe this fuels this vibrant story. This might be the only time when a comic and its animated translation both work brilliantly without either missing a beat. A masterpiece of visual storytelling and very funny.
References
Abel, J. and Priego, E. (2006) La perdida. 1. ed. edn. New York: Pantheon Books.
B., D. (2006) Epileptic. 1st American pbk. ed. edn. New York: Pantheon Books.
Bechdel, A. (2012) Are You My Mother? Boston: HarperCollins Publishers.
Brooks, M. and White, C. (2014) The Harlem Hellfighters. First edition edn. New York: Broadway Books.
Burns, C. and Reynolds, E. (2017) Black hole. The Fantagraphics studio edition edn. Seattle, Washington: Fantagraphics Books.
Modan, R. (2021) Exit Wounds. La Vergne: Drawn & Quarterly.
Ruth Anne Robbins (2006) 'Harry Potter, Ruby Slippers and Merlin: Telling the Client's Story Using the Characters and Paradigm of the Archetypal Hero's Journey', Seattle University Law Review, 29, pp. 767-1031.
Satrapi, M. (2017) Persepolis. Paris: L'Association.
Tamaki, M. and Tamaki, J. (2014) This one summer. 1. ed. edn. New York, NY: First Second.
Tamaki, M., Tamaki, J. and Scheer, S. (2019) Skim. Erste Auflage edn. Berlin: Reprodukt.
Thompson, C. and Fliege, C. (2015) Blankets. Hamburg: Carlsen.
Writing in a diary is a really strange experience for someone like me. Not only because I’ve never written anything before, but also because it seems to me that later on neither I nor anyone else will be interested in the musings of a thirteen-year old school girl. Oh well, it doesn’t matter. I feel like writing.
The Diary of Anne Frank
What comes to one’s mind when one is reminded of things remembered past?
In the second part of the graphic novel Stagdale, the setting is the bitter cold autumn of 1938. The air is still apart from the noise of a burning city just beyond the doors of our protagonist Max’s home. Max and his family face an impossible situation, all is not well. It is Kristallnacht a time of grave danger in Germany for many peoples.
Max is uprooted from Berlin due to the rise of the Nazi party and its followers in Germany. We are witness to his gruelling journey across national borders during a period of extreme nationalism that will bring the world to its knees. Max is on his way to Stagdale, England though he doesn’t know it yet.
I think that the A5 landscape format works even better in Part 2 of the series as it reminds me of old photographs spread out in front of me as you try to knit together the stories of family and friends. Again Castle’s’ illustrations are a treat for the eyes and it’s the beautifully crafted details that evoke a time long gone by but they are still modern and prescient. The drawing style and character design of this complex world combines modulated lines with delicate textures juxtaposed with faded colours and sombre earthy tones.
Two scenes in particular leave me with anxiety in my chest and then a lump in my throat. When the Soldiers come to take Max and his parents away at the start of the story. You wonder if things will be over before we start and when Max says goodbye to his parents at the train station before embarking on the Kinder Transport. Max’s train journey fills one with a sense of the danger as our youngster leaves the bosom of the family for the truly unknown. Border guards are genuinely scary and unpleasant. Max has to learn how to survive fast as he realises that his wits are all that stand between him and calamity.
If you lived through 1930’s Europe, the politics, the hatred and the loss of innocence then Max’s story may resonate with you more than those born in the 21st Century. However what Castle is able to do with her art is to frame a period in history that is chilling even today. The matter-of-fact banality of the brutality on show conveys how people are caught up in waves of oppression that pay scant regard to one’s worth and place in the human family. What will happen to Max as a stranger in a strange land. Will Stagdale be his salvation or his undoing? I really want to know, and so will you!
We examined how Classic Texts (Western Cultural Bias) can be adapted to entice a new audience to engage with these heritage storylines. We reviewed the Manga Shakespeare (Hamlet and The Tempest), Heart of Darkness and At the Mountains of Madness. We then went on to look at how artists have taken heritage texts and re-imagined them as visual communication. Bryan Talbot's Alice in Sunderland, Watchmen and Maus have moved the graphic novel into the status of classic literature. Finally Julie Doucet's New York Diary brings the autobiography as unvarnished testimony of the life of a struggling immigrant trying to make it as an artist. How the personal can become the political.
Publishers of Graphic Novels
Graphic Novel Creatives
Doucet, J. (2018) Dirty Plotte. First edition edn. Montreal, Quebec: Drawn & Quarterly.
Moore, A. and Berlatsky, E.L. (2012) Alan Moore. First printing edn. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
Moore, A., Gibbons, D. and Klinger, L.S. (2017) Watchmen annotated. Burbank, CA: DC Comics.
Prescott, T. (2013) 'Dotter of Her Father’s Eyes by Mary M. and Bryan Talbot (review)', James Joyce quarterly, 50(3), pp. 907-911. doi: 10.1353/jjq.2013.0041.
Spiegelman, A. (2011) Maus. 25. anniversary ed. edn. New York: Pantheon Books.
Talbot, B. (2007) Alice in Sunderland. 1. ed. edn. Milwaukie, OR: Dark Horse Books.
Connecting your earliest memory/ autobiography with a major narrative theme is a good way to help you to expand your story to open up new possibilities.
1. Overcoming the Monster
2. Rags to Riches
3. The Quest
4. Comedy
5. Tragedy
6. Rebirth
CHARACTER ARCHETYPES:
HERO
The word hero is Greek, from a root that means "to protect and to serve" (incidentally the motto of the Los Angeles Police Department). A Hero is someone who is willing to sacrifice his own needs on behalf of others, like a shepherd who will sacrifice to protect and serve his flock. At the root the idea of Hero is connected with self-sacrifice. (Note that I use the word Hero to describe a central character or protagonist of either sex.)
MENTOR
An archetype found frequently in dreams, myths, and stories is the Mentor, usually a positive figure who aids or trains the hero. A Wise Old Person. This archetype is expressed in all those characters who teach and protect heroes and give them gifts.
THRESHOLD GUARDIAN
All heroes encounter obstacles on the road to adventure. At each gateway to a new world there are powerful guardians at the threshold, placed to keep the unworthy from entering. They present a menacing face to the hero, but if properly understood, they can be overcome, bypassed, or even turned into allies. Man y heroes encounter Threshold Guardians and understanding their nature can help determine how to handle them.
HERALD
Often a new force will appear in Act One to bring a challenge to the hero. This is the energy of the Herald archetype. Like the heralds of medieval chivalry, Herald characters issue challenges and announce the coming of significant change. At the commencement of war a herald might be called upon to recite the causes of the conflict; in effect, to provide the motivation.
SHADOW
The archetype known as the Shadow represents the energy of the dark side, the unexpressed, unrealised, or rejected aspects of something. Often, it's the home of the suppressed monsters of our inner world. Shadows can be all the things we don't like about ourselves, all the dark secrets we can't admit, even to ourselves. The qualities we have renounced and tried to root out still lurk within, operating in the Shadow world of the unconscious. The Shadow can also shelter positive qualities that are in hiding or that we have rejected for some reason. The negative face of the Shadow in stories is projected onto characters called villains, antagonists, or enemies.
SHAPESHIFTER
People often have trouble grasping the elusive archetype of the Shapeshifter, perhaps because its very nature is to be shifting and unstable. Its appearance and characteristics change as soon as you examine it closely. Nonetheless, the Shapeshifter is a powerful archetype and understanding its ways can be helpful in storytelling and in life. Heroes frequently encounter figures, often of the opposite sex, whose primary characteristic is that they appear to change constantly from the hero's point of view.
ALLY
Heroes on their journeys may need someone to travel with them, an Ally who can serve a variety of necessary functions, such as companion, sparring partner, conscience, or comic relief Its useful to have someone to send on errands, to carry messages, to scout locations. It's convenient to have someone for the hero to talk to, to bring out human feelings or reveal important questions in the plot. Allies do many mundane tasks but also serve the important function of humanising the heroes, adding extra dimensions to their personalities, or challenging them to be more open and balanced. From the dawn of storytelling, heroes have been paired with friendly figures who fight at their sides, advise and warn them, and sometimes challenge them.
100 DATES Dramatis Personae (revised 2022)
London/ New London (ORDINARY WORLD/ SPECIAL WORLD)
Very old capital city of England. It is a main character and the atmosphere of the city should sparkle on every page. It is alive and has a supernatural effect on some of its population. It is the inspiration for most of the story. This city and it landmarks will be responsible for the look of the story and the dynamism within.
Parts of city are no go areas (as the mass burial grounds are toxic) and the Thames has flooded 12 swallowing up most of East London. Land is at a premium and new buildings must be at least 38 storeys tall.
There is a scheme to build a wall around the city (linked to fear of the strain SARs 10 VIRUS)
William Frank (nom de plume Frank Hinds) (HERO 1/ MAIN PROTAGONIST)
Age in his 30’s
Height 6’5”
Born in August
Dark Brown eyes, Shaved head, Heavy build, Smartly dressed
Tattoo of a heart on their left breast
Co-Director of Government Agency 100 DATES
Secretly writing online mystery “Ill Met by Moonlight” under name of Frank Hinds for Virtual Glass Publishing
Passionate about music
Lives in a flat in the Barbican’s Shakespeare Tower
Originally comes from St. Albans
No parents (Died because of the Genetic War)
Has 1 Sister who has 2 young children (The children are unofficial)
He has headaches and there appears to be no cure
He has a terrible secret from his childhood this is the cause of his headaches
These headaches cause delusions and he has invented an alter ego ‘Detective Francis’. He consults a psychiatrist at Bart’s Hospital for help and uses counseling sessions to help him to recover
He falls in love with Kathleen Tilbury and tries to romance her with special dates (their love is forbidden)
He does not trust the UK Security Services despite working for one of them.
Detective Frank (William Franks ALTER EGO)
We never see Detective Frank directly only his shadow or reflection (distorted)
His actions are those of a Super detective
This fantasy that appears when William has his headaches
Has been an escape for William since his troubled upbringing and the death of Maxi Patrick.
This fantasy begins to take over his mind. William’s fantasy life threatens his sanity.
Kathleen Tilbury (HERO 2)
Age in her 30’s
Height 5’7”
Born in May
Light brown eyes
Hourglass figure
Long red hair extensions
Glasses
Wears sports gear
Freelance photographer/ writer. Major client: The People Planet Guides Works as photographer and video tech for Agency 100 DATES
Passionate about music
Lives in rented flat in Finsbury Park
Originally comes from Norwich
Split up from long term boyfriend 18 months previously
No parents (Died because of the Genetic War)
No siblings
Has been reading Frank Hinds online novel
Childhood friend of Desta Finn
She falls in love with William Frank (their love is forbidden)
Commissioned to produce photos for the New London city guide, which puts her life in danger
Suspects Desta Finn is hiding an awful secret
Has no idea her colleague Nat O’Brien is attracted to her
Jon Doe (ANTAGONIST then ALLY)
Age in his 50’s
Height 6’
Born in April
Dark brown eyes,
Short grey hair
Heavy build dresses like Lt. Columbo
Detective Inspector in the London Metropolitan Police 25 years on the job
Lives in police station house in EC2
Originally comes from Bermondsey
Divorced 5 years ago
Ex wife does not speak to him
Has also been reading Frank Hinds online novel
A Martial arts expert
He becomes obsessed with Desta Finn and has a secret affair with her
He knows William does not like him and this makes him angry
He thinks William requires surveillance
Desta Finn (THRESHOLD GUARDIAN/ SHAPESHIFTER)
Age in her 30’s
Height 5’6”
Born in June
Cropped Black hair light brown eyes
Business suits
Slight build
Tattoo Scar on left breast
Co-director of 100 DATES Company set up (sanctioned by the State) 6 years ago after graduation from MBA course
She inherited a fortune from her ‘Uncle’ Bruce Wilkinson
Went to school with Kathleen and Jacqui Chance
Lives in flat in Barbican Shakespeare Tower
Originally comes from Norwich
Adopted but trying to trace her birth mother
Aggressive and jealous of others
Reads murder mysteries
Jealous of Kathleen and William’s secret relationship
Romantic partner is James Bent
Has secret affair with Jon Doe
Her childhood friends are concerned that she has untreated mental health issues
Natalie (Nat) O’Brien (HERALD)
Age in her 30’s
Height 5’6”
Born in January
Brown eyes
Long brown hair extensions
Spangly earrings
Wears business suits
Slight build with withered legs
Uses a wheelchair
Publisher of The People Planet Guides
Lost use of legs in car crash with police van 10 years ago
Has an asthmatic symptom
Lives with husband John in Berkhamsted, Herts
Originally comes from Tring
Brother is a journalist who disappeared in South Africa 5 years ago
Always giving unwanted advice to Kathleen
Suspects that Kathleen knows more about what happened to her brother when he disappeared
Secretly in love with Kathleen
Hugh Wycombe (ALLY)
Age in his 30’s but looks like he’s in his 50’s
Height 5’9”
Born in January
Brown eyes
Flat top afro
Slight build
Scruffy wears baseball cap that promotes live music ‘Keep Music Live’
Blues musician
Writes songs and plays Electric Bass and Keyboards
Best friend of William Frank
Married to Claire Wycombe
1 son Charles with his wife expecting a girl
Once toured US and met Herbie Hancock and Miles Davis
Successfully beat addiction to Heroin
Used to write comic strips with William when they were boys
Former member of the Messian Cult
Introduces William and Kathleen to other musicians and special gigs
Knows William’s secret but has not revealed this to anyone
Pompas Glass (SHADOW)
Age in his 30’s
Height 6’
Born in February
black eyes
black hair with blond hi-lights
Well built
Glasses
Trench coat with bright red belt
Guardian media reporter/ owns online publishing house that Frank Hinds works for
Eton School educated
Oxford graduate expert in hi-tech surveillance
Lifelong friend of Sleaze Jones
Having affair with Sleaze Jones’ wife
Uses technical knowledge to fabricate stories and cause cyber catastrophes
Jobsworth (ANTAGONIST/ HERO 3)
Branson/Musk Series 1010001 Robot/ becomes an android
Robots carry out most of the menial tasks in a city depleted of it human inhabitants during the early stages of the Genetics War
Height 8’
Plastic polymer chassis
Human like face but has 4 arms and wheels instead of feet
Can levitate for short periods
Caretaker robot in Barbican flats where Desta and William live
A machine that was given an extra conscience chip and starts to form a human type self awareness
Used to show the moral depravity of the characters and human society
Part of a sub-plot on surveillance and civil rights
Might be able to time travel
Worked at Temple of Michael Messian
Augustus Winter (MENTOR)
Age in his 40’s
Height 5’11” Eyes dark brown
Well dressed Plays sax clarinet and flute
Composer
Has own online jazz music site.
Gigs around London and New London
Becomes a friend with William through Hugh Wycombe
Loves to drink bourbon neat
Williams and Kathleen’s passion for music leads to this friendship
Annie Jones (SHAPESHIFTER)
Age in their 20’s
Height 5’5”
Born in May
Pink eyes
Bright white hair
Agile and insatiable sexual desires
Trophy bride
Former underwear model
Wants to have babies with Sleaze but is drawn to other more powerful men
Dreams of being worshipped by men
In secret joins 100 DATES agency to meet extreme sexual partners
Part of the sub-plot on secret identity ID chips in skin
Sleaze Jones (HERALD)
Age in their 30’s
Height 5’11”
Born in February
Brown eyes
Short brown hair
Thin moustache
Well built
Beltless trench coat
Sun Media reporter/ secret police informer
Eton School educated
Oxford and MIT graduate expert in hi-tech surveillance
Is the handler of Jobsworth and several other android operatives?
Incidental character that forms part of a sub-plot on surveillance and civil rights
He likes androids and thinks they promise a great future for humanity
Anil Singh (TRICKSTER/ ALLY)
Age 30 -35
Height 5’9”
Very long brown hair
Stout but powerful
Doctor of Psychiatry at St. Bart’s
From Wembley
World authority on Psychotherapy
Met William at Comic convention at the Barbican and became they friends.
He lives in Barbican Lauderdale Tower
Tries to help William recover from his mental delusions – suggests surgery
Part of the sub-plot on identity ID chips in skin
Maxi Patrick (ORDEAL)
Age 8 (deceased)
Height 5’
Blue eyes
Blond hair
Very skinny
Shorts and T-shirt
Was a school boy and attended Moonfleet Middle School
Adopted when small child
Had unknown sister
Heart shaped birthmark on left shoulder
Lived in St. Albans
Bullied at school
Died aged 8 Maxi Patrick’s death is the reason why William Frank has a secret
Michael Messian (HERALD/ SHADOW/ CLIMAX)
Age Unknown
Height approx 6’ 6”
Black eyes
Long chestnut coloured hair
Wears floating robes and head band
Body very hairy
Voice is enhanced by special implant
Prophet for the people – Charismatic leader of the Temple of Eternal Redemption
Private donations and drug dealing in 3HC keep this organisation going
Unknown he appeared in Bad Lands 10 years ago and set up his Cult
Works with the establishment and outside the law
Has previous business relationship with Hugh Wycombe during Hugh’s Heroin addiction
He has connection with Jobsworth and other androids who spy for him
He causes problems for many characters in the story
He has deadly battle with Jobsworth
HE IS THE CAUSE OF EVERYTHING